Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, significantly impacts quality of life by gradually eroding vision. In Singapore, it affects approximately 3% of individuals in their 40s. This group of progressive eye diseases damages the optic nerve, often due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and can lead to irreversible vision loss if left untreated.
Is Glaucoma Preventable?
While it cannot be entirely prevented, early detection and consistent management can significantly delay or slow its progression. Proactive screening, timely diagnosis, and healthy lifestyle habits are key. Since most types develop without warning, regular eye checks are your best protection, as most glaucoma-related blindness is preventable with early control.
Who Is at Risk of Glaucoma?
Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma. These include:
- Age over 40, with risk increasing further after 60
- Family history of glaucoma
- High myopia or hyperopia
- Elevated IOP or thin corneas
- Chronic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension
- Long-term use of corticosteroid medication
If you fall within any of these categories, your ophthalmologist may recommend more frequent monitoring.
Importance of Early Detection Through Eye Screening
Comprehensive eye screening is the gold standard for detecting early signs of glaucoma. These evaluations typically involve:
- Tonometry to assess intraocular pressure
- Visual field analysis to detect peripheral vision loss
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine the optic nerve for structural damage
At Eye & Glaucoma Surgeons, we utilise advanced diagnostic imaging and tailored screening protocols to detect subtle glaucomatous changes before significant vision impairment develops. This proactive approach allows for early intervention and helps preserve long-term visual function.
Lifestyle Tips to Support Eye Health
Maintaining good eye health goes beyond just regular check-ups; your daily habits play a significant role. Here are some lifestyle tips to help protect your vision and support overall eye health:
Maintain a Healthy Diet for Eye Pressure Control
Your nutritional choices significantly influence eye pressure and overall vascular health. A diet rich in leafy greens, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants can support optic nerve resilience. Conversely, limiting high-sodium and high-caffeine intake is advisable, as these may contribute to fluid retention and temporary pressure spikes.
Exercise Safely and Consistently
Moderate aerobic activity such as walking, swimming, or cycling has been shown to reduce IOP. However, exercises that involve inverted positions (e.g., certain yoga poses or heavy lifting) may increase pressure and should be avoided in diagnosed glaucoma patients.
Protect Your Eyes from Injury
Eye trauma can lead to secondary glaucoma. Therefore, wearing protective eyewear during sports or high-risk tasks and avoiding unnecessary eye rubbing are practical and crucial prevention strategies.
Manage Systemic Health
Controlling systemic diseases like diabetes and hypertension is crucial, as they reduce vascular stress on the optic nerve. For smokers, cessation is highly recommended, as tobacco use can impair blood flow to the optic nerve, potentially worsening glaucoma progression.
What to Do If You Are Diagnosed with Glaucoma
Treatment strategies vary based on the type and severity of glaucoma. Options include:
- Prescription eye drops
- Laser procedures such as Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)
- Surgical interventions, including trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage devices
At Eye & Glaucoma Surgeons, Dr Daniel Su Hsien Wen personally evaluates each patient to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for preserving long-term vision. To protect your eyesight and receive comprehensive care, schedule a consultation with us today.